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Diagnostic innovation and models of care to improve fibrosis detection and risk stratification in steatotic liver disease

Par : Nicola Pugliese, Trenton M White, Paul N Brennan, Silvana Pannain, Hannes Hagström, Maurice Michel, Lisa Rice-Duek, Giovanni Targher, Cyrielle Caussy, John F Dillon, Frank Tacke, Christopher J Kopka, Giada Sebastiani, Jerome Boursier, Emmanuel A Tsochatzis, Willem Pieter Brouwer, Giovanni Guaraldi, Roberto Vettor, Maja Thiele, Michael Roden, Norbert Stefan, Helen Jarvis, Pere Gines, Jörn M Schattenberg, Elisa Pose, Stefan Buttigieg, Christopher D Byrne, Jeffrey V Lazarus
Source : The Lancet regional health. Europe - doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101722

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Europe, with liver fibrosis representing the strongest predictor of liver-related outcomes and an important contributor to cardiometabolic risk. This Series paper examines diagnostic innovation and models of care to improve fibrosis detection and risk stratification across the continuum of care for SLD. A growing range of non-invasive tests for fibrosis assessment is now available, including blood-based biomarkers,...

5' leader defects drive persistent HIV-1 viremia on long-term ART

Par : Julia R Box, Angelica Camilo-Contreras, Filippo Dragoni, Feng Yun Yue, Vitaliy Matveev, Jackson Foley, Jianwei Zhang, Yan Wei Mok, Marlene DeSousa, Jun Lai, Zachary Mulcare, Zachary Bakewell, Sebastien Poulin, Frederic Chano, Claude Fortin, Cecile Tremblay, Joel N Blankson, Sonya Krishnan, Ethel D Weld, Christie Basseth, Matthew M Hamill, Christopher J Hoffmann, Eileen P Scully, Joyce L Jones, Andrea L Cox, Wissam El Atrouni, Beverly Sha, Janet D Siliciano, Robert F Siliciano, Robert Reinhard, Jesper D Gunst, Mario Ostrowski, Frank Maldarelli, Colin Kovacs, Francesco R Simonetti
Source : Nature communications - doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73475-5

Traces of HIV-1 RNA can persist in plasma despite long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Some individuals develop nonsuppressible viremia (NSV), characterized by detectable HIV-1 RNA that raises concerns for virological failure, pathogenesis, and transmission. The sources of NSV remain poorly defined, in part due to limited tools to characterize plasma HIV-1 RNA. Both infectious and defective proviruses, including those with defects in the 5' Leader (5'L), can contribute to NSV, but...

Increasing housing instability and changing spatial distribution of people who inject drugs in Montreal, Canada, 2011-2024

Par : Farzaneh Vakili, Nanor Minoyan, Julie Bruneau, Sarah Larney
Source : Drug and alcohol dependence - doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113201

CONCLUSION: In the context of declining housing affordability, an increased proportion of PWID are reporting being unsheltered. Further work is needed to examine transitions from stable and precarious housing to being unsheltered. Services supporting precariously housed people may need to diversify their geographic locations, given this population's more dispersed residential profile.

Gambling trajectories among sexual and gender minority individuals in Canada: protocol for a 5-year mixed-methods longitudinal study

Par : Magaly Brodeur, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Adèle Morvannou, Pasquale Roberge, Christine Loignon, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Anaïs Lacasse, Isabelle Dufour, Marie-Josée Fleury, Olivier Simon, Catherine Hudon
Source : BMJ open - doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-118633

BACKGROUND: Gambling encompasses all activities that involve betting or wagering money. It is highly prevalent both in Canada and worldwide. While most individuals gamble without experiencing harm, some develop problem gambling, which is associated with serious psychological, relational and financial outcomes. Sexual and gender diversity (SGD) populations experience disproportionately high rates of mental health disorders, although little is known about their gambling trajectories. Knowledge in...

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Is Associated With Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in People With HIV

Par : Felice Cinque, Michael Nudo, Sahar Saeed, Jihoon Lim, Dana Kablawi, Gabrielle Mariano, Amanda Lupu, Wesal Elgretli, Erica E M Moodie, Colleen Price, Ken Monteith, Curtis Cooper, Sharon Walmsley, Nadine Kronfli, Joseph Cox, Cecilia Costiniuk, Alexandra De Pokomandy, Jean-Pierre Routy, Marina B Klein, Bertrand Lebouche, Giada Sebastiani
Source : Gastro hep advances - doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2026.100966

CONCLUSION: In PWH, MASLD is associated with impaired HRQoL, particularly fatigue, systemic symptoms, and emotional well-being. Greater metabolic burden and liver fibrosis further worsen patient-reported outcomes.

External validation of cough-based algorithms for pulmonary tuberculosis screening from the CODA TB DREAM challenge using cough data from Peru

Par : Alexandra J Zimmer, Patricia Espinoza-Lopez, Vijay Ravi, Solveig K Sieberts, Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi, Madhukar Pai, César Ugarte-Gil, Simon Grandjean Lapierre
Source : Scientific reports - doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50492-4

The COugh Diagnostic Algorithm for Tuberculosis (CODA TB) DREAM Challenge recently evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for tuberculosis (TB) screening using cough sounds. Eleven AI models were developed using a dataset of 733,756 cough sounds collected from 2143 adults from seven countries. This study evaluates the CODA Challenge AI models with an external independent cough dataset from Peru. Cough recordings from 303 coughing adults were collected from health...

Sex-based effectiveness in buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone treatment for opioid use disorder: Findings from the OPTIMA trial

Par : Christina McAnulty, Gabriel Bastien, Cédric Pek, Tess Pelletier McCrea, Anne Bouthillier, Sherry H Stewart, M Eugenia Socias, Bernard Le Foll, Didier Jutras-Aswad, OPTIMA Research Group within the Canadian Research Initiative in Substance Misuse
Source : Drug and alcohol dependence - doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113190

CONCLUSIONS: We found potential sex differences in treatment outcomes, suggesting that these may benefit from sex-based adaptations. Future research into this possibility is warranted.

Incidence of HIV and HCV Among People Who Inject Drugs in Montreal, Canada: Data From the HEPCO Longitudinal Cohort Study, 2011-2025

Par : Bluma Blake Kleiner, Milca Meconnen, Marleine Azar, Nanor Minoyan, Geng Zang, Adelina Artenie, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Julie Bruneau, Sarah Larney
Source : Journal of viral hepatitis - doi:10.1111/jvh.70185

Ongoing monitoring of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is important for epidemic control and assessing progress towards disease elimination. We estimated trends in HIV and HCV infection incidence in a community-based cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada. Data from March 2011 to March 2025 were drawn from the HEPCO study of PWID aged ≥ 18 years and living in Montreal. Participants with at least two visits were included in analyses. We used a random...

Peer-led recruitment for equitable engagement of people who inject drugs: Evidence from the HEPCO cohort in Montreal, Canada

Par : Isabelle Boisvert, Nanor Minoyan, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Sarah Larney, Julie Bruneau, Stine Bordier Høj
Source : The International journal on drug policy - doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105276

CONCLUSION: Peer-led recruitment engaged participants with greater structural vulnerability and modestly increased gender, ethnic, and linguistic diversity. Such approaches can strengthen equity in substance-use research when peer leadership is adequately resourced and embedded from the outset.

An exploratory intersectional analysis of lifetime syphilis prevalence among people who inject drugs in Montreal, Canada

Par : Brendan L Harney, Julie Bruneau, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Sarah Larney
Source : Sexually transmitted diseases - doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000002329

CONCLUSION: Active syphilis infection was uncommon among this cohort of PWID; however, lifetime syphilis infection was almost 9%. Among men in this cohort, evidence indicates that syphilis intersects with other key population group characteristics. More data are needed to better understand syphilis among women who inject drugs. Periodic syphilis testing among PWID may be justified alongside testing for other sexually transmissible and blood borne infections.

Increased Risk of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Exposed to Azathioprine

Par : Reem Farhat, Maria Del Carmen Zamora-Medina, Sang-Cheol Bae, Megan R W Barber, Ann E Clarke, Paul R Fortin, Zahi Touma, Carl A Laskin, Isabelle Malhamé, Giada Sebastiani, Christine Peschken, Manuel F Ugarte-Gil, Alexandra Legge, Sasha Bernatsky, Évelyne Vinet
Source : Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) - doi:10.1002/art.70208

CONCLUSION: We observed that AZA exposure may be strongly associated with ICP in SLE pregnancies. Second-trimester thiopurine shunting may identify women at high risk, supporting the value of metabolite monitoring.

FIB-4 fails to identify significant liver fibrosis in people with HIV: A large multinational screening study

Par : Felice Cinque, Sahar Saeed, Francesca Farina, Dana Kablawi, Jihoon Lim, Antonio Cascio, Claudia Gioè, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Rosa Lombardi, Ahmed Cordie, Rahma Mohamed, Ahmed M Kamel, Gamal Esmat, Alessandra Bandera, Jovana Milic, Dominik Benke, Fauzi Elamouri, Jürgen K Rockstroh, Giovanni Guaraldi, Giada Sebastiani
Source : Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) - doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001773

CONCLUSIONS: In PWH, liver fibrosis is common and frequently missed by FIB-4, particularly in MASLD. TE-centered screening strategies augmented by metabolic and HIV-specific indicators may improve early fibrosis detection and risk stratification.

Gut-heart immuno-metabolic disruption associated with inflammaging and subclinical coronary artery disease in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy

Par : Ana-Karla Diego-Matos, Kayluz Frias Boligan, Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa, Madeleine Durand, Cecile Tremblay, Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Mohamed El-Far, Marc Messier-Peet, Justine Giffard-Bouvier, Shari Margolese, Petronela Ancuta, Ido Kema, Cecilia T Costiniuk, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
Source : Immunity & ageing : I & A - doi:10.1186/s12979-026-00566-8

CONCLUSIONS: In PWH, subclinical CAD is associated with a distinctive gut-heart immuno-metabolic feature and inflammaging characterized by elevated plasma markers of gut mucosal damage, increased IFN-γ levels and IDO pathway activity, and altered monocyte and T-cell subsets.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Kidney Transplant Outcomes

Par : Seo Yeon Yoon, Samuel El Bouzaidi Tiali, Sara Wing, William Davalan, Sukhdeep Jatana, Lawrence Slapcoff, Roy Nitulescu, Elham Rahme, Meranda Nakhla, Suzanne N Morin, Giada Sebastiani, Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
Source : Kidney international reports - doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106477

CONCLUSION: KTRs with MASLD and advanced hepatic fibrosis demonstrate lower patient and graft survival, which could be amenable to timely interventions for cardiometabolic risk reduction.

Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to identify early biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality

Par : Maryam Heidarifard, Katherine Ember, Frédérick Dallaire, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Yiheng Chen, Nassim Ksantini, Myriam Mahfoud, Guillaume Sheehy, Hugo Soudeyns, Philippe Jouvet, Sze Man Tse, Caroline Quach, Brent Richards, Daniel E Kaufmann, Frédéric Leblond, Mathieu Dehaes
Source : Journal of biomedical optics - doi:10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046005

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the potential of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning modeling to stratify COVID-19 patients at admission, individualize care, and improve survival rates.

Gender differences in hepatitis C virus incidence in and out of opioid agonist treatment among people who inject drugs in Montreal, Canada, March 2011-March 2024

Par : Milca Meconnen, Bluma Blake Kleiner, Adelina Artenie, Julie Bruneau, Marleine Azar, Nanor Minoyan, Geng Zang, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Jack Stone, Peter Vickerman, Sarah Larney
Source : The International journal on drug policy - doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105252

CONCLUSION: We found similar HCV incidence among women and men who inject drugs in Montréal; however, among OAT-eligible men, OAT engagement was strongly associated with a lower risk of HCV acquisition. These findings highlight that gender disparities in HCV, as observed in some settings, are not consistent. Further research is needed to determine factors underlying gender differences.

Clinical Outcomes and Non-Invasive Testing in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review

Par : Hannes Hagström, Chris Hellmund, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Riku Ota, Mary E Rinella, Giada Sebastiani, Fotis Tefos, Zobair M Younossi, Mazen Noureddin
Source : Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver - doi:10.1111/liv.70608

CONCLUSIONS: This SLR identified data on a range of clinical outcomes in patients with MASH-related cirrhosis. However, there was limited evidence for certain outcomes including the role of prognostic prediction models for liver-related events in this patient population.

Cannabis consumption and problematic internet use: analysis of a free-text response collected through a self-reported online questionnaire

Par : Juliette St-Onge, Magaly Brodeur, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Amélie Deschamps, Anne-Marie Auger, Natalia Muñoz Gómez, Catherine Hudon, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Anders Håkansson, Virginie Parent, Adèle Morvannou
Source : BMC psychology - doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04419-3

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the participants’ experiences and reflects the aspects they considered essential to share regarding cannabis consumption and internet use.

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