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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and of seasonal variations on the innate immune inflammatory response

Par : Hend Jarras, Isalie Blais, Benjamin Goyer, Wilfried W Bazié, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Mathieu Thériault, Kim Santerre, Marc-André Langlois, Jean-François Masson, Joelle N Pelletier, Nicholas Brousseau, Denis Boudreau, Sylvie Trottier, Mariana Baz, Caroline Gilbert
Source : Frontiers in immunology - doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1513717

INTRODUCTION: The innate immune response is an important first checkpoint in the evolution of an infection. Although adaptive immunity is generally considered the immune component that retains antigenic memory, innate immune responses can also be affected by previous stimulations. This study evaluated the impact of vaccination on innate cell activation by TLR7/8 agonist R848, as well as seasonal variations.

Association of MASLD Phenotypes With Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C: The Role of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Par : Wesal Elgretli, Mohamed Shengir, Solomon Sasson, Agnihotram V Ramanakumar, Felice Cinque, Luz Esther Ramos Ballestreros, Marc Deschenes, Phil Wong, Tianyan Chen, Nadine Kronfli, Sahar Saeed, Alexa Keeshan, Saniya Tandon, Curtis Cooper, Giada Sebastiani
Source : Journal of viral hepatitis - doi:10.1111/jvh.70004

Steatotic liver disease is prevalent among people with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasises the metabolic drivers of steatosis and recognises its frequent coexistence with other chronic liver diseases, including HCV. We aimed to evaluate the association of coexisting MASLD and HCV with liver fibrosis. Individuals with HCV who underwent transient elastography (TE) with associated controlled attenuation parameter...

Characteristics of supervised injection site clients and factors associated with requiring overdose intervention, Montreal, Canada, 2018-2022

Par : Camille Zolopa, Thomas D Brothers, Pascale Leclerc, Jean-François Mary, Carole Morissette, Julie Bruneau, Natasha K Martin, Elaine Hyshka, Sarah Larney
Source : The International journal on drug policy - doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104711

CONCLUSION: Across four Montréal SIS, site visits with an overdose requiring intervention were associated with transgender identity, younger age, stable housing, intending to inject fentanyl, injecting less frequently than daily, injecting for either more than five years or less than a year, single site attendance, and injecting most often in a public place. Montréal SIS serve a diverse clientele who inject drugs, with differing risks of onsite overdose.

Telehomecare Monitoring for Patients Receiving Anticancer Oral Therapy: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Evaluability Study

Par : Dominique Tremblay, Thomas Joly-Mischlich, Annick Dufour, Marie-Claude Battista, Djamal Berbiche, José Côté, Marco Décelles, Catherine Forget, Brigitte Guérin, Manon Larivière, Frédéric Lemay, Manon Lemonde, Éric Maillet, Nathalie Moreau, Michel Pavic, Sara Soldera, Catherine Wilhelmy
Source : JMIR research protocols - doi:10.2196/63099

CONCLUSIONS: This study will clarify how, why, for whom, and under what conditions TM can complement current care models. Our evaluability assessment will help to address implementation complexities and better understand intervention-to-practice operationalization so that implementation might be adapted to contextual factors without potentially harmful or inequitable impacts on patients.

Author Correction: Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption

Par : Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Zachary Strongin, Hugo Soudeyns, Felipe Ten-Caten, Khader Ghneim, Gabriela Pacheco Sanchez, Giuliana Xavier de Medeiros, Perla Mariana Del Rio Estrada, Adam-Nicolas Pelletier, Timothy Hoang, Kevin Nguyen, Justin Harper, Sherrie Jean, Chelsea Wallace, Robert Balderas, Jeffrey D Lifson, Gopalan Raghunathan, Eric Rimmer, Cinthia V Pastuskovas, Guoxin Wu, Luca Micci, Ruy M Ribeiro, Chi Ngai Chan, Jacob D Estes, Guido Silvestri, Daniel M Gorman, Bonnie J Howell, Daria J Hazuda, Mirko Paiardini, Rafick P Sekaly
Source : Nature immunology - doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02079-w

No abstract

Distinct peripheral pro-inflammatory profile associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and epilepsy

Par : Renaud Balthazard, Rose-Marie Drouin-Engler, Samuel Bertrand, Faycal Zine-Eddine, Jimmy Li, Olivier Tastet, Audrey Daigneault, Victoria H Mamane, Gloria Gabrielle Ortega-Delgado, Alina Maria Sreng Flores, Daniel E Kaufmann, Philippe Major, Andrew A House, Laurent Létourneau-Guillon, Nathalie Arbour, Mark R Keezer, Catherine Larochelle
Source : Epilepsia - doi:10.1111/epi.18261

OBJECTIVE: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenetic disorder associated with sustained mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, leading to heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Epilepsy and renal angiomyolipoma are the most important causes of morbidity in adult people with TSC (pwTSC). mTOR is a key player in inflammation, which in turn could influence TSC-related clinical manifestations. Reliable biomarkers are lacking to monitor and predict evolution and response to...

Problematic gambling among the LGBTQIA2S + population in Canada: A quantitative study

Par : Magaly Brodeur, Natalia Muñoz Gómez, Nathalie Carrier, Pasquale Roberge, Julie-Christine Cotton, Eva Monson, Adèle Morvannou, Marie-Ève Poitras, Anaïs Lacasse, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Yves Couturier, Christine Loignon, Olivier Simon, Catherine Hudon
Source : Addictive behaviors - doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108257

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: LGBTQIA2S + populations are believed to be at higher risk of problem gambling due to their elevated rates of mental disorders and substance abuse compared to heterosexual and cisgender populations. However, little is known about these populations regarding their gambling practices in the Canadian context.

A prospective multi-site study to evaluate the performance and usability of an oral fluid-based HIV self-test in Canada

Par : Richard A Galli, Darshanand Maraj, Kristin McBain, Jason M Lo Hog Tian, Abbey McFarland, Wangari Tharao, Nontobeko P Nkala, Arlene Chan, Mark da Silva, Rejean Thomas, Anne-Fanny Vassal, Martin Lepage, Laurie Ireland, Mike Payne, Jared Starr, Chris Fraser, Marion Selfridge, Mona Loutfy, Roberta Halpenny, Nirubini Jeyarajah, Vanessa Tran, Tony Mazzulli, Sean B Rourke
Source : BMC public health - doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21228-8

BACKGROUND: Blood and oral fluid-based HIV self-tests are important for reaching the undiagnosed living with HIV. The study objectives were to evaluate the oral fluid-based OraQuick® HIV Self-Test (HIV-ST) performance in comparison to laboratory reference testing; determine if laypersons can correctly perform the HIV-ST; document if intended users can successfully interpret pre-made contrived positive, negative, and invalid results; and document if intended users can understand the key messages...

Treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a retrospective case series

Par : Aurélie Mourot, Marianne Chalut, Simon Grandjean-Lapierre, Rami Younan, Josiane Bourré-Tessier
Source : Rheumatology international - doi:10.1007/s00296-024-05773-4

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast. Various clinical management approaches have been described, but their efficacy and optimal sequential order remain uncertain. We describe the first Canadian cohort of patients with IGM, discuss treatment outcomes and outline a practical management approach. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed IGM between 2014 and 2023, aged over 18 years. Based on a scoping review of the...

Infection Rate and Risk Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Retail Workers at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Quebec, Canada

Par : Kim Santerre, Mathieu Thériault, Nicholas Brousseau, Marc-André Langlois, Corey Arnold, Joelle N Pelletier, Caroline Gilbert, Jean-François Masson, Mariana Baz, Denis Boudreau, Sylvie Trottier
Source : Infectious disease reports - doi:10.3390/idr16060098

Background/Objectives: During the pandemic, client-facing workers were perceived to be at greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigated the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among a cohort of 304 retail workers in the Quebec City metropolitan area. Methods: After providing consent, participants were interviewed to gather information on demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural, and occupational variables. They were subsequently followed for up to five visits, scheduled every 12...

Longitudinal determination of seroprevalence and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in a population of food and retail workers through decentralized testing and transformation of ELISA datasets

Par : Abdelhadi Djaïleb, Megan-Faye Parker, Étienne Lavallée, Matthew Stuible, Yves Durocher, Mathieu Thériault, Kim Santerre, Caroline Gilbert, Denis Boudreau, Mariana Baz, Jean-Francois Masson, Marc-André Langlois, Sylvie Trottier, Daniela Quaglia, Joelle N Pelletier

CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights the importance of developing adaptable, decentralized tests for population-level immune surveillance in response to a pandemic, even before centralized testing is available. To our knowledge, no other study has reported such an extensive longitudinal investigation during key periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in a cohort of food and retail workers to analyze two types of immunoglobulin, three epitopes and antigens to three VOC. This study will inform strategies...

A Proposal for a Best-evidence Model of Care and Program Logic for Supported Accommodation for People Released From Prison

Par : Daisy Gibbs, Anthony Shakeshaft, Shelley Walker, Sarah Larney, Sara Farnbach
Source : International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology - doi:10.1177/0306624X241290626

This paper describes the development of a proposed best-evidence model of care (MoC) and program logic (PL) for supported accommodation (SA) for people released from prison. Evidence from a systematic review, interviews with clients of SA, and consultation with service providers were synthesized to develop a draft MoC that was embedded into a PL. The MoC and PL were refined in a workshop with researchers and SA providers. The MoC comprised five best-evidence core components to be standardized...

Perceived patient navigator services and characteristics to address barriers to linkage to hepatitis C care among people released from provincial prison in Quebec, Canada

Par : Nadine Kronfli, Andrea Mambro, Lindsey R Riback, David Ortiz-Paredes, Camille Dussault, Sylvie Chalifoux, Lina Del Balso, Apostolia Petropoulos, Mona Lim, Alexandros Halavrezos, Giada Sebastiani, Marina B Klein, Bertrand Lebouche, Joseph Cox, Matthew J Akiyama
Source : The International journal on drug policy - doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104624

CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that seek to improve linkage to HCV care for people following release from prison should address many levels (individual, interpersonal, and policy) of the SEM. While people experience several competing priorities post-release, having an empathetic and consistent patient navigator, regardless of their lived experiences of HCV and/or incarceration, may improve linkage to HCV care post-release.

A dataset of Solicited Cough Sound for Tuberculosis Triage Testing

Par : Sophie Huddart, Vijay Yadav, Solveig K Sieberts, Larson Omberg, Mihaja Raberahona, Rivo Rakotoarivelo, Issa N Lyimo, Omar Lweno, Devasahayam J Christopher, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Grant Theron, William Worodria, Charles Y Yu, Christine M Bachman, Stephen Burkot, Puneet Dewan, Sourabh Kulhare, Peter M Small, Adithya Cattamanchi, Devan Jaganath, Simon Grandjean Lapierre
Source : Scientific data - doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03972-z

Cough is a common and commonly ignored symptom of lung disease. Cough is often perceived as difficult to quantify, frequently self-limiting, and non-specific. However, cough has a central role in the clinical detection of many lung diseases including tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading infectious disease killer worldwide. TB screening currently relies on self-reported cough which fails to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) accuracy targets for a TB triage test. Artificial...

Changes in Hepatic Steatosis Before and After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in People With HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection

Par : Esther Truscello, Shouao Wang, Jim Young, Giada Sebastiani, Sharon L Walmsley, Mark Hull, Curtis Cooper, Marina B Klein
Source : The Journal of infectious diseases - doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae487

CONCLUSIONS: When assessed by CAP, HS was unaffected by DAA treatment and steadily increased over time. In contrast, HSI did not appear to reflect changes in HS, with the decrease during treatment likely related to resolution of hepatic inflammation. Ongoing HS may pose a risk for liver disease in coinfected people cured of HCV.

Increased risk of hospitalization among children who were HIV-exposed and uninfected compared to population controls

Par : Jeanne Brochon, Thierry Ducruet, Suzanne Taillefer, Valérie Lamarre, Christian Renaud, Marie-Elaine Metras, Christos Karatzios, Joseph H Puyat, Joel Singer, Silvie Valois, Hugo Soudeyns, Isabelle Boucoiran, Fatima Kakkar
Source : AIDS (London, England) - doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000004025

CONCLUSION: CHEU had a higher rate of hospitalization than CHUU controls across their lifespan. Significant risk factors included SGA and detectable maternal dVL, suggesting a need for enhanced pediatric care for these children.

Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption

Par : Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Zachary Strongin, Hugo Soudeyns, Felipe Ten-Caten, Khader Ghneim, Gabriela Pacheco Sanchez, Giuliana Xavier de Medeiros, Perla Mariana Del Rio Estrada, Adam-Nicolas Pelletier, Timothy Hoang, Kevin Nguyen, Justin Harper, Sherrie Jean, Chelsea Wallace, Robert Balderas, Jeffrey D Lifson, Gopalan Raghunathan, Eric Rimmer, Cinthia V Pastuskovas, Guoxin Wu, Luca Micci, Ruy M Ribeiro, Chi Ngai Chan, Jacob D Estes, Guido Silvestri, Daniel M Gorman, Bonnie J Howell, Daria J Hazuda, Mirko Paiardini, Rafick P Sekaly
Source : Nature immunology - doi:10.1038/s41590-024-01952-4

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with heightened plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and PD-1 expression. We hypothesized that IL-10 and PD-1 blockade would lead to control of viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Twenty-eight ART-treated, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac(239)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) were treated with anti-IL-10, anti-IL-10 plus anti-PD-1 (combo) or vehicle. ART was...

Phylogenetic Network Analyses Reveal the Influence of Transmission Clustering on the Spread of HIV Drug Resistance in Quebec from 2002 to 2022

Par : Bluma G Brenner, Ruxandra-Ilinca Ibanescu, Maureen Oliveira, Guillaume Margaillan, Bertrand Lebouché, Réjean Thomas, Jean Guy Baril, René-Pierre Lorgeoux, Michel Roger, Jean-Pierre Routy, None The Montreal Primary Hiv Infection Phi Cohort Study Group
Source : Viruses - doi:10.3390/v16081230

CONCLUSION: Phylogenetics emphasize the need to prioritize ART and pre-exposure prophylaxis strategies to avert the expansion of transmission cascades of HIV-DR.

Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus on the Island of Montreal Not Suggestive of Healthcare-associated Person-to-Person Transmission

Par : Idowu B Olawoye, Nicholas Waglechner, Fiona McIntosh, Pierre-Marie Akochy, Nancy Cloutier, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Bouchra Tannir, Christina Greenaway, Elias Matouk, Louise Poirier, Roger C Levesque, Brian Boyle, Caroline Quach, Hafid Soualhine, Jane Batt, Marcel A Behr, Robyn S Lee, Jennifer L Guthrie
Source : The Journal of infectious diseases - doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae407

CONCLUSIONS: Genomics alone is insufficient to establish MABC transmission, particularly considering the genetic similarity and wide distribution of DCCs, although pan-genome analysis has the potential to add further insight. Our findings indicate that MABC infections in Montréal are unlikely attributable to healthcare-associated person-to-person transmission.

Altered memory CCR6+ Th17-polarised T-cell function and biology in people with HIV under successful antiretroviral therapy and HIV elite controllers

Par : Alexis Yero, Jean-Philippe Goulet, Tao Shi, Cecilia T Costiniuk, Jean-Pierre Routy, Cecile Tremblay, Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa, Yulia Alexandrova, Amélie Pagliuzza, Nicolas Chomont, Petronela Ancuta, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
Source : EBioMedicine - doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105274

BACKGROUND: Despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), frequencies and immunological functions of memory CCR6^(+) Th17-polarised CD4^(+) T-cells are not fully restored in people with HIV (PWH). Moreover, long-lived Th17 cells contribute to HIV persistence under ART. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remain understudied.

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