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Incidence of cough from acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Madagascar: A pilot study

Par : Alexandra J Zimmer, Lai Yu Tsang, Gisèle Jolicoeur, Bouchra Tannir, Emmanuelle Batisse, Christine Pando, Gouri Sadananda, Jesse McKinney, Ideal Vincent Ambinintsoa, Roger Mario Rabetombosoa, Astrid M Knoblauch, Niaina Rakotosamimanana, Ryan Chartier, Alina Diachenko, Peter Small, Simon Grandjean Lapierre
Source : PLOS global public health - doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003530

Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a known risk to respiratory health, causing chronic lung impairment. Yet, the immediate, acute effects of PM2.5 exposure on respiratory symptoms, such as cough, are less understood. This pilot study aims to investigate this relationship using objective PM2.5 and cough monitors. Fifteen participants from rural Madagascar were followed for three days, equipped with an RTI Enhanced Children's MicroPEM PM2.5 sensor and a smartphone with the...

Material deprivation is associated with liver stiffness and liver-related outcomes in people with HIV

Par : Clara Long, Felice Cinque, Dana Kablawi, Dong Hyun Danny Kim, Thierry Fotsing Tadjo, Wesal Elgretli, Luz Ramos Ballesteros, Amanda Lupu, Michael Nudo, Bertrand Lebouché, Nadine Kronfli, Joseph Cox, Cecilia T Costiniuk, Alexandra De Pokomandy, Jean-Pierre Routy, Marina B Klein, Frederic Lamonde, Ramanakumar V Agnihotram, Sahar Saeed, Giada Sebastiani
Source : Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver - doi:10.1111/liv.16022

CONCLUSIONS: Living in materially deprived neighbourhoods as a proxy for lower SES, is associated with LSM and liver-related events in PWH. Future strategies should explore mechanisms underlying these relationships and whether enhanced material security improves hepatic outcomes.

A dimensional analysis of experienced intensive care unit nurses' clinical decision-making for bleeding after cardiac surgery

Par : Patrick Lavoie, Caroline Arbour, Amélie Blanchet Garneau, José Côté, Maude Crétaz, André Denault, Émilie Gosselin, Alexandra Lapierre, Tanya Mailhot, Virginie Tessier
Source : Nursing in critical care - doi:10.1111/nicc.13116

CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' decision-making was shaped by their personal attributes, the patient's condition and contextual circumstances, underscoring their expertise and pivotal role in anticipating actions and adapting to diverse conditions. The concept of actionability emerged as the central dimension explaining their decision-making, defined as the capability to implement actions towards specific goals within the possibilities and constraints of a situation.

Evaluation of ChatGPT as a Counselling Tool for Italian-Speaking MASLD Patients: Assessment of Accuracy, Completeness and Comprehensibility

Par : Nicola Pugliese, Davide Polverini, Rosa Lombardi, Grazia Pennisi, Federico Ravaioli, Angelo Armandi, Elena Buzzetti, Andrea Dalbeni, Antonio Liguori, Alessandro Mantovani, Rosanna Villani, Ivan Gardini, Cesare Hassan, Luca Valenti, Luca Miele, Salvatore Petta, Giada Sebastiani, Alessio Aghemo, None Nafld Expert Chatbot Working Group
Source : Journal of personalized medicine - doi:10.3390/jpm14060568

CONCLUSION: Language does not appear to affect ChatGPT's ability to provide comprehensible and complete counseling to MASLD patients, but accuracy remains suboptimal in certain domains.

Prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation: protocol of a feasibility study

Par : Amine Benmassaoud, Chelsia Gillis, Olivia Geraci, Myriam Martel, Rashami Awasthi, Jeffrey Barkun, Tianyan Chen, Linda Edgar, Giada Sebastiani, Francesco Carli, Amal Bessissow
Source : BMJ open - doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081362

INTRODUCTION: Patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT) are often frail, and malnourished. The period of time on the waitlist provides an opportunity to improve their physical fitness. Prehabilitation appears to improve the physical fitness of patients before major surgery. Little is known about prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this feasibility study will be to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a multimodal prehabilitation programme...

Patient-reported outcomes and experiences of migrants enrolled in a multidisciplinary HIV clinic with rapid, free, and onsite treatment dispensation: the 'ASAP' study

Par : Anish K Arora, Serge Vicente, Kim Engler, David Lessard, Edmundo Huerta, Joel Ishak, Nadine Kronfli, Jean-Pierre Routy, Joseph Cox, Benoit Lemire, Marina Klein, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Lina Del Balso, Giada Sebastiani, Isabelle Vedel, Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, Bertrand Lebouché, ASAP Migrant Advisory Committee
Source : AIDS research and therapy - doi:10.1186/s12981-024-00632-5

CONCLUSION: Overall, participants expressed positive experiences around treatment and care, alongside comparably lower perceptions of social support, internalized stigma, and distress, potentially underscoring a need to embed targeted, well-funded, and accessible mental health support within HIV care models.

Cannabis use, mental health, and problematic Internet use in Quebec: A study protocol

Par : Magaly Brodeur, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Adèle Morvannou, Eva Monson, Julie-Christine Cotton, Anders Hakansson, Virginie Parent, Catherine Hudon
Source : PloS one - doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304697

BACKGROUND: Problematic Internet use is characterized by excessive use of online platforms that can result in social isolation, family problems, psychological distress, and even suicide. Problematic Internet use has been associated with cannabis use disorder, however knowledge on the adult population remains limited. In Quebec, cannabis use has significatively increased since 2018, and it is associated with various risks in public safety, public health, and mental health. This study aims to...

Live virus neutralizing antibodies against pre and post Omicron strains in food and retail workers in Quebec, Canada

Par : Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Caroline Gilbert, Kim Santerre, Martina Scarrone, Megan Gilbert, Mathieu Thériault, Nicholas Brousseau, Jean-François Masson, Joelle N Pelletier, Denis Boudreau, Sylvie Trottier, Mariana Baz
Source : Heliyon - doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31026

CONCLUSION: We assessed for the first time the NtAb response in food and retail workers. We found that vaccination prior to the emergence of Omicron BA.1 was associated with higher neutralizing activity against pre-Omicron variants, suggesting the importance of updating vaccines to increase antibody response against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination followed by infection was associated with higher neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested.

Dissociation and Sexual Concerns in Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Role of Identity Cohesion

Par : Élise Villeneuve, Alison Paradis, Audrey Brassard, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Mylène Fernet, Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Natacha Godbout
Source : Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD) - doi:10.1080/15299732.2024.2356597

Research on male survivors of childhood sexual abuse is notably deficient when it comes to addressing their sexual concerns, such as experiences of sexual distress, negative thoughts, and feelings related to their sexuality. Dissociation, a known consequence of childhood sexual abuse, could be associated with higher sexual concerns through identity cohesion. Precisely, dissociation can potentially be related to lower identity cohesion (e.g., not knowing what you want or need). In return, lower...

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people who use drugs in three Canadian cities: a cross-sectional analysis

Par : Sanjana Mitra, Zachary Bouck, Sarah Larney, Camille Zolopa, Stine Høj, Nanor Minoyan, Katie Upham, Indhu Rammohan, Wing Yin Mok, Kanna Hayashi, M-J Milloy, Kora DeBeck, Ayden Scheim, Dan Werb
Source : Harm reduction journal - doi:10.1186/s12954-024-00996-x

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest PWUD in Canada experienced difficulties meeting essential needs and accessing some harm reduction services during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings can inform preparedness planning for future public health emergencies.

Determinants of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Montreal, Canada

Par : Iuliia Makarenko, Nanor Minoyan, Stine Bordier Høj, Sasha Udhesister, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Sarah Larney, Julie Bruneau
Source : Drug and alcohol review - doi:10.1111/dar.13862

INTRODUCTION: Limited data exists on psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs (PWUD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of severe psychological distress (PD) among PWUD in Montreal around the beginning of the pandemic.

Nature and evolution of the cellular HIV-1 reservoir in children and adolescents

Par : Jade Canape, Madeleine Aby Diallo, Hugo Soudeyns
Source : Virologie (Montrouge, France) - doi:10.1684/vir.2023.1039

Shortly after primary infection, HIV hides in cellular reservoirs from which it becomes difficult or almost impossible to dislodge. In the absence of effective antiretroviral therapy, there is almost invariably resurgence of productive infection leading to a decline in CD4+ T cell counts and progression of HIV disease. The course of HIV infection in adults (horizontal transmission) differs significantly from that acquired in children following perinatal transmission: steady-state viral load is...

Comparison of rectal swabs and fecal samples for the detection of Clostridioides difficile infections with a new in-house PCR assay

Par : Ann Huletsky, Vivian G Loo, Yves Longtin, Jean Longtin, Sylvie Trottier, Cécile L Tremblay, Rodica Gilca, Christian Lavallée, Éliel Brochu, Ève Bérubé, Martine Bastien, Marthe Bernier, Martin Gagnon, Johanne Frenette, Julie Bestman-Smith, Louise Deschênes, Michel G Bergeron
Source : Microbiology spectrum - doi:10.1128/spectrum.00225-24

The detection of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) relies on testing the stool of patients by toxin antigen detection or PCR methods. Although PCR and antigenic methods have significantly reduced the time to results, delays in stool collection can significantly add to the turnaround time. The use of rectal swabs to detect C. difficile could considerably reduce the time to diagnosis of CDI. We developed a new rapid PCR assay for the detection of C. difficile and evaluated this PCR assay...

Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Postoperative Pain in Same-day Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

Par : Melodie Fanay Boko, Ashish K Khanna, Frederick D'Aragon, Jessica Spence, David Conen, Ameen Patel, Sabry Ayad, Duminda N Wijeysundera, Manon Choinière, Daniel I Sessler, Francois Martin Carrier, John Harlock, Josèph S H A Koopman, Madeleine Durand, Naeem Bhojani, Alparslan Turan, Gabrielle Pagé, P J Devereaux, Emmanuelle Duceppe, VALIANCE Study Collaborators
Source : Anesthesiology - doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000005030

CONCLUSIONS: Persistent postsurgical pain after same-day surgery is common, is usually moderate to severe in nature, and occurs mostly in patients without chronic pain before surgery.

Sex and gender differences in hepatitis C virus risk, prevention, and cascade of care in people who inject drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis

Par : Anna Levinsson, Camille Zolopa, Farzaneh Vakili, Sasha Udhesister, Nadine Kronfli, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Julie Bruneau, Heather Valerio, Sahar Bajis, Phillip Read, Elisa Martró, Lisa Boucher, Leith Morris, Jason Grebely, Adelina Artenie, Jack Stone, Peter Vickerman, Sarah Larney
Source : EClinicalMedicine - doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102596

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) are a priority population in HCV elimination programming. Overcoming sex and gender disparities in HCV risk, prevention, and the cascade of care is likely to be important to achieving this goal, but these have not yet been comprehensively reviewed.

Effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and liver disease: A multinational cohort study

Par : Antonios Douros, Ying Cui, Robert W Platt, Kristian B Filion, Giada Sebastiani, Christel Renoux
Source : Thrombosis research - doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.024

CONCLUSIONS: Among NVAF patients with liver disease, DOACs were as effective and slightly safer than VKAs, and apixaban was as effective but safer than rivaroxaban. The safety benefit with apixaban was not present among patients with cirrhosis.

Intra-Host Evolution Analyses in an Immunosuppressed Patient Supports SARS-CoV-2 Viral Reservoir Hypothesis

Par : Dominique Fournelle, Fatima Mostefai, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Raphaël Poujol, Jean-Christophe Grenier, José Héctor Gálvez, Amélie Pagliuzza, Inès Levade, Sandrine Moreira, Mehdi Benlarbi, Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Catherine Bourassa, Alexandra Tauzin, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Nicolas Chomont, Andrés Finzi, Daniel E Kaufmann, Morgan Craig, Julie G Hussin
Source : Viruses - doi:10.3390/v16030342

Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs. Here, we present the case of an immunosuppressed...

Concordance of targeted and whole genome sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypic drug susceptibility testing

Par : William Cloutier Charette, Marie-Sylvianne Rabodoarivelo, Floriane Point, Astrid M Knoblauch, Fanantenana Randria Andrianomanana, Michael B Hall, Zamin Iqbal, Philip Supply, Anandi Martin, Niaina Rakotosamimanana, Simon Grandjean Lapierre
Source : Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease - doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116249

Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (tNGS) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) are increasingly used for genotypic drug susceptibility testing (gDST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thirty-two multi-drugs resistant and 40 drug susceptible isolates from Madagascar were tested with Deeplex® Myc-TB and WGS using the Mykrobe analysis pipeline. Sixty-four of 72 (89 %) yielded concordant categorical gDST results for drugs tested by both assays. Mykrobe didn't detect pncA K96T, pncA Q141P, pncA H51P, pncA...

High COVID-19 vaccine uptake following initial hesitancy among people in Australia who inject drugs

Par : Olivia Price, Paul Dietze, Lisa Maher, Gregory J Dore, Rachel Sutherland, Caroline Salom, Raimondo Bruno, Sione Crawford, Louisa Degenhardt, Sarah Larney, Amy Peacock
Source : Vaccine - doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.051

CONCLUSION: We observed higher COVID-19 vaccine uptake than expected given previous studies of vaccine acceptability among people who inject drugs. However, it was lower than the general population. People who inject drugs and reside in unstable housing are a subpopulation that require support to increase vaccine uptake.

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